ABSTRACT
Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of erythromycin on enteral nutrition (EN) tolerance in adult critical care patients.Methods Databases including PubMed,EMbase,the Cochrane Library,CNKI and Wangfang data were retrieved up to June,2013 to collect the randomized controlled trial (RCT) concerning erythromycin in improving EN tolerance or increasing the successful rate of postpyloric EN tube as compared with other treatments.Two reviewers independently screened the literature,extracted the data,and assessed the quality of methodology.Then Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software.Results A total of 16 RCTs were included.Ten RCTs involving 668 patients were included for evaluating erythromycin in improving EN tolerance.Six RCTs involving 353 patients were included for evaluating erythromycin to increase the successful rate of postpyloric EN tube.The result of Meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo,erythromycin could significantly improve the successful rate of postpyloric EN tube placement [relative risk (RR) =1.82,95％ confidence interval (95％CI) 1.40-2.37,P＜0.000 01],while there was no significant difference between erythromycin and metoclopramide (RR=1.04,95％ CI 0.79-1.36,P=0.799).In patients who needed early EN,compared with placebo or blank control,erythromycin had higher successful gastric feeding rate over 5 days (RR =1.89,95％ CI 1.19-3.00,P=0.007).In patients who failed EN,compared with metoclopramide,erythromycin could significantly increase the successful gastric EN rate for 24 hours (RR=1.30,95％CI 1.02-1.66,P=0.03),72 hours (RR=1.57,95％CI 1.15-2.14,P=0.005) and 144 hours (RR=2.04,95％CI 1.23-3.37,P=0.006).The median time of EN intolerance was postponed in erythromycin group than that in metoclopramide group.Adverse reactions were reported in 5 studies.There was no statistic difference except for the higher diarrhea rate in the combination treatment group compared with erythromycin group.Conclnsions Postpyloric EN tube placement rate can be improved by erythromycin,which could be a choice of substitute for bedside intubation without fluoroscopy or endoscopic assistance.Based on the evidence,we recommended that intravenous erythromycin in a small dose of approximately 3 mg/kg weight as an option for EN intolerance in critical patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of warfarin anticoagulation in Chinese elderly patients based on vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) and cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) genetic polymorphisms.Methods Clinical data of 41 elderly patients with initial anticoagulation therapy in our emergency department and respiratory department were collected.Patients were divided into observation group (n=20,patients treated with warfarin based on genetic polymorphisms) and control group (n =21,patients treated based on clinical experience).The international normalized ratio (INR),the time of INR stabilized within target range (2.0-3.0) and the incidence of bleeding episodes in 6-month follow up were compared between groups.Results INR within target range at day 3,4,5 and 7 were 0.0％,42.1％,52.6％,68.4％ in observation group and 0.0％,10.0％,25.0％,35.0％ in control group,respectively.There were significant differences in INR within target range at day 4,7 between the two groups (both P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found in INR within target range at day 5 (P＞0.05).The time of INR stabilized within target range was shorter in observation group than in control group [(9.5±2.4) d vs.(12.3± 4.8) d,P＜0.05].Bleeding complication occurred in 3 patients in observation group and 5 patients in control group,and there was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions Warfarin therapy based on VKORC1 and CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms may shorten the time of first INR reaching the target value and INR within target range in elderly patients.However,the risk of bleeding complications should be alerted.